. According to Bonebright (2010:119) , this model still proves to be valuable after more than half a century:
Constructive group interaction does not happen automatically. Groups should be guided on actively implementing the principles and elements described in the section on “Important principles for effective cooperative functioning”. In some faculties the Faculty Student Advisor (FSA) can present this training.
One proven advantageous model to help students understand small group dynamics, is that of Tuckman (1965) . According to Bonebright (2010:119) , this model still proves to be valuable after more than half a century:
“The utility of providing a simple, accessible starting point for conversations about key issues of group dynamics has not diminished.”
The Tuckman model comprises five stages of group development:
*Beever (2019) suggests activities that could support group cohesion for each of these stages.
Useful resources on Tuckman’s model:
42 Fresh Ideas. 2018. 7 Tuckman’s teams: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-8Ef2RaNQk
*Beever, G. 2019. Forming, storming, norming and performing: Tuckman’s model of group development. AgriFutures Australia: https://extensionaus.com.au/extension-practice/forming-storming-norming-and-performing-tuckmans-model-of-group-development/
Bonebright, D.A. 2010. 40 years of storming: a historical review of Tuckman's model of small group development. Human Resource Development International, 13(1):111-120. DOI: 10.1080/13678861003589099
Other resources on group functioning skills:
Back, J. 2018. Teaching students how to work together. Getting Smart: https://www.gettingsmart.com/2018/01/teaching-students-how-to-work-together/
Centre for Teaching Excellence. n.d. Teamwork skills: being an effective group member. University of Waterloo: https://uwaterloo.ca/centre-for-teaching-excellence/teaching-resources/teaching-tips/tips-students/being-part-team/teamwork-skills-being-effective-group-member
DeakinCo. 2017. 6 strategies for managing and improving team dynamics. https://www.deakinco.com/media-centre/news/6-strategies-for-managing-and-improving-team-dynamics
Forrest, K.D. 2008. Teaching students to work well in groups. Association for Psychological Science: https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/teaching-students-to-work-well-in-groups
Huang, L. 2018. Students riding on coattails during group work? Five simple ideas to try. Faculty Focus: https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/effective-teaching-strategies/students-riding-coattails-group-work-five-simple-ideas-try/
Mind Tools. n.d. Improving group dynamics. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/improving-group-dynamics.htm
Also see “Diversity and inclusivity”